FCRS
Femtosecond Customised Refractive Surgery
A proprietary masking methodology applied to the corneal surface enables planar laser incisions for customised keratorefractive corrections — without the need for modified hardware or software on existing femtosecond laser platforms.
Developed under the scientific leadership of Professor Ioannis Pallikaris, inventor of LASIK.
The Limitations of Current Refractive Surgery
Existing customized keratorefractive procedures rely on complex hardware modalities and mathematical models built into the laser platform to plan and execute corneal corrections. These software and hardware-dependent approaches are further constrained by the precision limitations of wavefront and topography-guided measurements.
● The shape of the correction is limited both by hardware configuration and the mathematical model.
● Residual higher-order aberrations continue to affect post-operative visual quality, particularly contrast sensitivity in low-light conditions.
● Outcomes vary significantly across patient profiles, with a steep learning curve for surgeons.
● Patients with irregular or abnormal corneas remain largely outside the treatable range of current keratorefractive techniques.
Two alternative approaches share the same first step.
The correction geometry is defined by the mold, not by the laser platform's hardware or software.
Our Technology
A Molded Reference Surface for Precise Planar Femtosecond Laser Incisions
A customized contact lens with a biocompatible material is applied directly onto the cornea, which is then UV treated, creating an idealized spherical surface that temporarily masks all native corneal irregularities. The femtosecond laser then performs a single planar incision through this perfect surface.
This common first step enables two alternative approaches, both validated at bench level:
In the first, the tissue above the incision is removed, along with all corneal surface irregularities, exposing a perfect spherical surface that provides the refractive correction. In the second, the mold is removed and a second incision is performed without it, capturing the native corneal irregularities. The result is a dual-surface lenticule: one surface provides spherical correction, the other is tailored to address the complex optical distortions including astigmatism and higher-order aberrations. The lenticule is then extracted.
In both cases, the correction is determined by the physical shape of the mold — not by the laser platform's hardware, software, or measurement systems. The laser performs only planar incisions that every existing femtosecond platform can already execute. Overall, this approach is intended to achieve a level of precision and regularity not possible with existing customised keratorefractive procedures.
✔ No modified hardware or software required
✔ Compatible with all femtosecond laser systems
✔ The correction geometry is defined by the mold
• Patent filed for novel masking methodology
• Initial proof of concept demonstrated (ex vivo)
• Development roadmap toward clinical validation in progress
📊 Source: Market Scope 2023 Refractive Surgery Market Report (licensed).
Market Opportunity & Development Status
$11.7B
6.3M
702M
GLOBAL REFRACTIVE SURGERY MARKET (2023)
ANNUAL REFRACTIVE PROCEDURES WORLDWIDE
GLOBAL REFRACTIVE CANDIDATE POOL
Market Context
Refractive surgery today spans three major procedure categories — excimer-based photoablation (LASIK, PRK), femtosecond lenticule extraction (SMILE, CLEAR), and combined femtosecond–excimer platforms — together accounting for over 5 million laser procedures annually. Yet a significant proportion of patients remain ineligible due to thin corneas, high myopia, or irregular corneal profiles, while post-operative higher-order aberrations continue to limit visual quality across all current techniques.
FCRS Positioning
FCRS addresses these limitations across the entire laser refractive spectrum. Because the correction geometry is defined by a physical mold — not by the laser's hardware, software, or mathematical models — the platform can potentially extend treatable indications while operating on any existing femtosecond laser system.
About PRES
PRES (Perfect Refractive Eye Solutions Limited) is an early-stage ophthalmic innovation company developing a novel technology platform for customised corneal refractive surgery.
Founded under the scientific leadership of Professor Ioannis Pallikaris — inventor of LASIK and former President of the University of Crete — PRES operates in collaboration with the Laboratory of Optics and Vision at the University of Crete.
The company is registered in Nicosia, Cyprus, with research operations based in Heraklion, Greece.
PRES is currently at the pre-clinical stage, with proof of concept demonstrated ex vivo and a clear development roadmap toward clinical validation.
Inventor of LASIK
Professor Ioannis Pallikaris leadership.
Novel Platform
Proprietary masking methodology.
Research Partnership
Laboratory of Optics and Vision, University of Crete
Pre-clinical Stage
Proof of concept demonstrated.
Compatibility
Works with existing femtosecond laser platforms
Efstratios Aligizakis
Fenia Pervolaraki
Production Manager
QMS and Regulatory Affairs Manager
Michalis Skoulas
Executive Administrator
Ioannis Stavgiannoudakis
Chemical Engineer
Emanouil Modatsos
Optical Engineer
Professor Ioannis Pallikaris
Founder and Chief Scientific Officer
Inventor of LASIK. Former President, University of Crete. Over 200 published articles in international ophthalmology journals. Over 20 patents in ophthalmology and optics.
Aristofanis Pallikaris
Leading the clinical and commercial development of the PRES platform.
Chief Executive Officer
Our Team
Get in Touch
Email: m.skoulas@pres-ltd.com
Registered Office: 10 Skopa Street, Tribune House, 1075 Nicosia, Cyprus
Phone: +302810394654
We invite professional enquiries from surgeons, industry partners, and collaborators exploring the future of refractive innovation.